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M
:
Madder: A powder extracted from the root
of a Rubia plant used to make red natural dye.
Medallion: The large enclosed portion
of a design, usually in the center. Typical shapes are diamonds,
octagons and hexagons.
Mihrab: This design has the prayer arch
of an Islamic mosque in the rug's field.
Millefleurs: Small flowers make up the
pattern throughout the rug's field.
Mordant: From the Latin 'to bite', the
term describes a substance used to prepare wool or silk for
dyeing. The mordant attaches to receptor sites on the surface
of protein fibers and makes a chemical bridge between the
dyestuff and fiber. The most common mordants are alum and
iron sulfite. Madder and the yellow plant dyes require a mordant,
whereas indigo does not.
Mordant 2:
A subtance used in dyeing that fixes the dye permanently to
the fiber. Acid dyes require basic mordants and basic dyes
require acid mordants. Most natural dyes are weak acids. Different
mordants produce different hues and shades from the same dye.
Common mordants are aluminum sulphate, potassium alum, copper
sulphate, ferrous sulphate, potassium dichromate, stannous
chloride, dried yogurt and urine.
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